Articles written by Bettina Smallman

Just Culture and the U-TURN Model: Building Safer, Healthier Workplaces in Healthcare

In modern healthcare, mistakes and conflicts are inevitable. What matters is not whether they occur, but rather how organizations respond when they do. A punitive or blame-driven approach drives errors underground and leaves staff demoralized, while a learning-oriented system strengthens safety and trust. Two frameworks—Just Culture and the U-TURN conflict management model—offer complementary solutions.